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id title status source_sections related_topics key_equations key_terms images examples open_questions
power-system Power System established reference/sources/official-product-page.md, reference/sources/official-user-manual.md [hardware-specs safety-limits deployment-operations] [battery_runtime] [battery_capacity] [] [] [Exact nominal battery voltage (calculated ~48V from 13-cell) Power draw breakdown by subsystem (compute vs actuators vs sensors) Charging time from empty to full Low-battery cutoff voltage and behavior]

Power System

Battery, power distribution, runtime, and charging for the G1.

1. Battery Specifications

Parameter Value Unit Source Tier
Chemistry Lithium-ion (LiPo) — Official spec sheet T0
Cell configuration 13-cell series — Official spec sheet T0
Capacity 9,000 mAh Official spec sheet T0
Energy (estimated) ~432 Wh 9Ah × ~48V nominal T3
Form factor Quick-release smart battery — Official spec sheet T0

Note on energy estimate: A 13-cell LiPo at nominal 3.7V/cell = 48.1V nominal. 9Ah × 48.1V ≈ 432 Wh. This is a T3 inference — official Wh rating not published. [T3]

2. Charging

Parameter Value Unit Source Tier
Charger input 100-240V AC, 50/60Hz — Official spec sheet T0
Charger input current 4A @ 350VA — Official spec sheet T0
Charger output 54V DC V Official spec sheet T0
Charger output current 5A A Official spec sheet T0
Max charge power 270 W 54V × 5A T3

3. Runtime Estimates

Activity Runtime Source Tier
Continuous operation ~2 hours Official spec sheet T0
G1-D (wheeled variant) Up to 6 hours G1-D product page T0

Runtime varies significantly with activity profile. Walking with manipulation draws more power than standing idle. Specific power draw per activity mode not yet documented. [T3]

4. Cooling

  • System: Local air cooling for motors and electronics [T0]
  • Motor cooling: Efficient heat dissipation via hollow motor shaft design [T0]
  • Thermal monitoring: Per-motor temperature sensors for overheating protection [T0]

5. Power Distribution

Power flows from the battery to three main consumers: [T3 — Inferred from architecture]

  1. Actuators — All joint motors (largest consumer during locomotion)
  2. Compute — Locomotion computer + development computer (Jetson Orin NX)
  3. Sensors & peripherals — Cameras, LiDAR, microphones, speaker, WiFi/BT

The quick-release smart battery connector allows field battery swaps for extended operation.

Key Relationships