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405 lines
14 KiB
405 lines
14 KiB
/**********
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Copyright 1991 Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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Author: 1987 Kartikeya Mayaram, U. C. Berkeley CAD Group
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Author: 1991 David A. Gates, U. C. Berkeley CAD Group
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**********/
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#include "ngspice.h"
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#include "numglobs.h"
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#include "numconst.h"
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#include "numenum.h"
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#include "material.h"
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#include "cidersupt.h"
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/* Forward Declarations */
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void printMaterialInfo(MaterialInfo *info);
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/* External Symbols */
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extern void MOBtempDep (MaterialInfo *, double);
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/*
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* Set material info values to their defaults.
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*/
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void
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MATLdefaults(MaterialInfo *info)
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{
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if ((info->material == OXIDE) || (info->material == INSULATOR)) {
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info->type = INSULATOR;
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info->eps = EPS_OX;
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info->affin = AFFIN_OX;
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info->eg0 = EGAP300_OX;
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} else if (info->material == NITRIDE) {
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info->type = INSULATOR;
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info->eps = EPS_NI;
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info->affin = AFFIN_NI;
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info->eg0 = EGAP300_NI;
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} else if (info->material == POLYSILICON) {
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info->type = SEMICON;
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info->eps = EPS_SI;
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info->affin = AFFIN_SI;
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info->nc0 = 0.0;
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info->nv0 = 0.0;
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info->eg0 = EGAP300_SI;
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info->dEgDt = DGAPDT_SI;
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info->trefBGN = TREF_EG_SI;
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info->dEgDn[ELEC] = DGAPDN_N;
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info->dEgDn[HOLE] = DGAPDN_P;
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info->nrefBGN[ELEC] = NBGN_N;
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info->nrefBGN[HOLE] = NBGN_P;
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info->tau0[ELEC] = TAU0_N_SI;
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info->tau0[HOLE] = TAU0_P_SI;
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info->nrefSRH[ELEC] = NSRH_N_SI;
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info->nrefSRH[HOLE] = NSRH_P_SI;
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info->cAug[ELEC] = C_AUG_N_SI;
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info->cAug[HOLE] = C_AUG_P_SI;
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info->aRich[ELEC] = A_RICH_N_SI;
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info->aRich[HOLE] = A_RICH_P_SI;
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info->eDon = E_DON_SI;
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info->eAcc = E_ACC_SI;
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info->gDon = G_DON_SI;
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info->gAcc = G_ACC_SI;
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info->concModel = CT;
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info->muMax[ELEC][MAJOR] = 0.07 * AR_MUMAX_N;
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info->muMin[ELEC][MAJOR] = 0.07 * AR_MUMIN_N;
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info->ntRef[ELEC][MAJOR] = AR_NTREF_N;
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info->ntExp[ELEC][MAJOR] = AR_NTEXP_N;
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info->muMax[HOLE][MAJOR] = 0.07 * AR_MUMAX_P;
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info->muMin[HOLE][MAJOR] = 0.07 * AR_MUMIN_P;
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info->ntRef[HOLE][MAJOR] = AR_NTREF_P;
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info->ntExp[HOLE][MAJOR] = AR_NTEXP_P;
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info->muMax[ELEC][MINOR] = 0.07 * UF_MUMAX_N;
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info->muMin[ELEC][MINOR] = 0.07 * UF_MUMIN_N;
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info->ntRef[ELEC][MINOR] = UF_NTREF_N;
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info->ntExp[ELEC][MINOR] = UF_NTEXP_N;
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info->muMax[HOLE][MINOR] = 0.07 * UF_MUMAX_P;
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info->muMin[HOLE][MINOR] = 0.07 * UF_MUMIN_P;
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info->ntRef[HOLE][MINOR] = UF_NTREF_P;
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info->ntExp[HOLE][MINOR] = UF_NTEXP_P;
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info->fieldModel = CT;
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info->vSat[ELEC] = AR_VSAT_N;
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info->vSat[HOLE] = AR_VSAT_P;
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info->vWarm[ELEC] = SG_VWARM_N;
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info->vWarm[HOLE] = SG_VWARM_P;
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info->mus[ELEC] = 0.07 * MUS_N;
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info->thetaA[ELEC] = THETAA_N;
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info->thetaB[ELEC] = THETAB_N;
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info->mus[HOLE] = 0.07 * MUS_P;
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info->thetaA[HOLE] = THETAA_P;
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info->thetaB[HOLE] = THETAB_P;
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} else if ((info->material == SILICON) || (info->material == SEMICON)) {
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info->type = SEMICON;
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info->eps = EPS_SI;
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info->affin = AFFIN_SI;
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info->nc0 = 0.0;
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info->nv0 = 0.0;
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info->eg0 = EGAP300_SI;
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info->dEgDt = DGAPDT_SI;
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info->trefBGN = TREF_EG_SI;
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info->dEgDn[ELEC] = DGAPDN_N;
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info->dEgDn[HOLE] = DGAPDN_P;
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info->nrefBGN[ELEC] = NBGN_N;
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info->nrefBGN[HOLE] = NBGN_P;
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info->tau0[ELEC] = TAU0_N_SI;
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info->tau0[HOLE] = TAU0_P_SI;
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info->nrefSRH[ELEC] = NSRH_N_SI;
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info->nrefSRH[HOLE] = NSRH_P_SI;
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info->cAug[ELEC] = C_AUG_N_SI;
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info->cAug[HOLE] = C_AUG_P_SI;
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info->aRich[ELEC] = A_RICH_N_SI;
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info->aRich[HOLE] = A_RICH_P_SI;
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info->eDon = E_DON_SI;
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info->eAcc = E_ACC_SI;
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info->gDon = G_DON_SI;
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info->gAcc = G_ACC_SI;
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info->concModel = CT;
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info->muMax[ELEC][MAJOR] = AR_MUMAX_N;
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info->muMin[ELEC][MAJOR] = AR_MUMIN_N;
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info->ntRef[ELEC][MAJOR] = AR_NTREF_N;
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info->ntExp[ELEC][MAJOR] = AR_NTEXP_N;
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info->muMax[HOLE][MAJOR] = AR_MUMAX_P;
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info->muMin[HOLE][MAJOR] = AR_MUMIN_P;
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info->ntRef[HOLE][MAJOR] = AR_NTREF_P;
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info->ntExp[HOLE][MAJOR] = AR_NTEXP_P;
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info->muMax[ELEC][MINOR] = UF_MUMAX_N;
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info->muMin[ELEC][MINOR] = UF_MUMIN_N;
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info->ntRef[ELEC][MINOR] = UF_NTREF_N;
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info->ntExp[ELEC][MINOR] = UF_NTEXP_N;
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info->muMax[HOLE][MINOR] = UF_MUMAX_P;
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info->muMin[HOLE][MINOR] = UF_MUMIN_P;
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info->ntRef[HOLE][MINOR] = UF_NTREF_P;
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info->ntExp[HOLE][MINOR] = UF_NTEXP_P;
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info->fieldModel = CT;
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info->vSat[ELEC] = AR_VSAT_N;
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info->vSat[HOLE] = AR_VSAT_P;
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info->vWarm[ELEC] = SG_VWARM_N;
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info->vWarm[HOLE] = SG_VWARM_P;
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info->mus[ELEC] = MUS_N;
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info->thetaA[ELEC] = THETAA_N;
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info->thetaB[ELEC] = THETAB_N;
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info->mus[HOLE] = MUS_P;
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info->thetaA[HOLE] = THETAA_P;
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info->thetaB[HOLE] = THETAB_P;
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} else if (info->material == GAAS) {
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info->type = SEMICON;
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info->eps = EPS_GA;
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info->affin = AFFIN_GA;
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info->nc0 = NCV_NOM * pow(M_N_GA, 1.5);
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info->nv0 = NCV_NOM * pow(M_P_GA, 1.5);
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info->eg0 = EGAP300_GA;
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info->dEgDt = DGAPDT_GA;
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info->trefBGN = TREF_EG_GA;
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info->dEgDn[ELEC] = DGAPDN_N;
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info->dEgDn[HOLE] = DGAPDN_P;
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info->nrefBGN[ELEC] = NBGN_N;
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info->nrefBGN[HOLE] = NBGN_P;
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info->tau0[ELEC] = TAU0_N_GA;
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info->tau0[HOLE] = TAU0_P_GA;
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info->nrefSRH[ELEC] = NSRH_N_GA;
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info->nrefSRH[HOLE] = NSRH_P_GA;
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info->cAug[ELEC] = C_AUG_N_GA;
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info->cAug[HOLE] = C_AUG_P_GA;
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info->aRich[ELEC] = A_RICH_N_GA;
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info->aRich[HOLE] = A_RICH_P_GA;
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info->eDon = E_DON_GA;
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info->eAcc = E_ACC_GA;
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info->gDon = G_DON_GA;
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info->gAcc = G_ACC_GA;
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info->concModel = GA;
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info->muMax[ELEC][MAJOR] = GA_MUMAX_N;
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info->muMin[ELEC][MAJOR] = GA_MUMIN_N;
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info->ntRef[ELEC][MAJOR] = GA_NTREF_N;
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info->ntExp[ELEC][MAJOR] = GA_NTEXP_N;
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info->muMax[HOLE][MAJOR] = GA_MUMAX_P;
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info->muMin[HOLE][MAJOR] = GA_MUMIN_P;
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info->ntRef[HOLE][MAJOR] = GA_NTREF_P;
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info->ntExp[HOLE][MAJOR] = GA_NTEXP_P;
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info->muMax[ELEC][MINOR] = GA_MUMAX_N;
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info->muMin[ELEC][MINOR] = GA_MUMIN_N;
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info->ntRef[ELEC][MINOR] = GA_NTREF_N;
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info->ntExp[ELEC][MINOR] = GA_NTEXP_N;
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info->muMax[HOLE][MINOR] = GA_MUMAX_P;
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info->muMin[HOLE][MINOR] = GA_MUMIN_P;
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info->ntRef[HOLE][MINOR] = GA_NTREF_P;
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info->ntExp[HOLE][MINOR] = GA_NTEXP_P;
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info->fieldModel = GA;
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info->vSat[ELEC] = GA_VSAT_N;
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info->vSat[HOLE] = GA_VSAT_P;
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info->vWarm[ELEC] = GA_VWARM_N;
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info->vWarm[HOLE] = GA_VWARM_P;
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info->mus[ELEC] = MUS_N;
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info->thetaA[ELEC] = THETAA_N;
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info->thetaB[ELEC] = THETAB_N;
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info->mus[HOLE] = MUS_P;
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info->thetaA[HOLE] = THETAA_P;
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info->thetaB[HOLE] = THETAB_P;
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}
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}
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/*
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* Compute the temperature-dependent physical parameters of materials
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* Normalize physical constants Actual Instance Temperature is passed in thru
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* the global var 'Temp'
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*/
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void
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MATLtempDep(MaterialInfo *info, double tnom)
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/* double tnom Nominal Parameter Temperature */
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{
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double tmp1;
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double relTemp, perRelTemp;
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double eg0;
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if (info->type == INSULATOR) {
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info->refPsi = RefPsi - (info->affin + 0.5 * info->eg0) / VNorm;
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} else if (info->type == SEMICON) {
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/* compute temperature dependent semiconductor parameters */
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relTemp = Temp / tnom;
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perRelTemp = 1.0 / relTemp;
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tmp1 = pow(relTemp, 1.5);
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/* Bandgap and intrinsic concentration */
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eg0 = info->eg0 + (info->dEgDt * tnom * tnom) / (tnom + info->trefBGN);
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info->eg0 = eg0 - (info->dEgDt * Temp * Temp) / (Temp + info->trefBGN);
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if (info->nc0 > 0.0) {
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info->mass[ELEC] = pow(info->nc0 / NCV_NOM / tmp1, 2.0 / 3.0);
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} else {
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info->mass[ELEC] = 1.039 + 5.477e-4 * Temp - 2.326e-7 * Temp * Temp;
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}
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if (info->nv0 > 0.0) {
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info->mass[HOLE] = pow(info->nv0 / NCV_NOM / tmp1, 2.0 / 3.0);
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} else {
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info->mass[HOLE] = 0.262 * log(0.259 * Temp);
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}
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info->nc0 = NCV_NOM * pow(info->mass[ELEC], 1.5) * tmp1;
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info->nv0 = NCV_NOM * pow(info->mass[HOLE], 1.5) * tmp1;
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info->ni0 = sqrt(info->nc0) * sqrt(info->nv0) *
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exp(-0.5 * info->eg0 / Vt);
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info->refPsi = RefPsi - (info->affin
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+ 0.5 * (info->eg0 + Vt * log(info->nc0 / info->nv0))) / VNorm;
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/* Impurity energies */
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info->eDon /= VNorm;
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info->eAcc /= VNorm;
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/* SRH lifetimes */
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tmp1 = sqrt(perRelTemp) * exp(3.8667 * (perRelTemp - 1.0));
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info->tau0[ELEC] *= tmp1 / TNorm;
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info->tau0[HOLE] *= tmp1 / TNorm;
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/* Auger recombination coefficients */
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info->cAug[ELEC] *= pow(relTemp, 0.14) * NNorm * NNorm * TNorm;
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info->cAug[HOLE] *= pow(relTemp, 0.18) * NNorm * NNorm * TNorm;
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/* Avalanche generation parameters */
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info->aii[ELEC] = AII_N * LNorm;
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info->bii[ELEC] = BII_N / ENorm;
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info->aii[HOLE] = AII_P * LNorm;
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info->bii[HOLE] = BII_P / ENorm;
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/* Effective recombination velocities */
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info->vRich[ELEC] = info->aRich[ELEC] * Temp * Temp /
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(CHARGE * info->nc0 * ENorm);
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info->vRich[HOLE] = info->aRich[HOLE] * Temp * Temp /
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(CHARGE * info->nv0 * ENorm);
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/* Mobility Temperature Dependence */
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MOBtempDep(info, Temp);
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/* Velocity Saturation Parameters */
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info->vSat[ELEC] /= ENorm;
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info->vWarm[ELEC] /= ENorm;
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info->vSat[HOLE] /= ENorm;
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info->vWarm[HOLE] /= ENorm;
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/* Normal Field Mobility Degradation Parameters */
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info->thetaA[ELEC] *= ENorm;
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info->thetaB[ELEC] *= ENorm * ENorm;
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info->thetaA[HOLE] *= ENorm;
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info->thetaB[HOLE] *= ENorm * ENorm;
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}
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}
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void
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printMaterialInfo(MaterialInfo *info)
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{
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static char *tabformat = "%12s: % .4e %-12s\t";
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static char *newformat = "%12s: % .4e %-12s\n";
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char *name;
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if (info == NIL(MaterialInfo)) {
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fprintf(stderr, "Error: tried to print NIL MaterialInfo\n");
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exit(-1);
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}
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/* Find material name. */
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switch (info->material) {
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case OXIDE:
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name = "OXIDE";
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break;
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case NITRIDE:
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name = "NITRIDE";
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break;
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case INSULATOR:
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name = "INSULATOR";
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break;
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case SILICON:
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name = "SILICON";
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break;
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case POLYSILICON:
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name = "POLYSILICON";
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break;
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case GAAS:
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name = "GAAS";
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break;
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case SEMICON:
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name = "SEMICONDUCTOR";
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break;
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default:
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name = "MATERIAL";
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break;
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}
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if (info->type == INSULATOR) {
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fprintf(stdout, "***** %s PARAMETERS AT %g deg K\n", name, Temp);
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fprintf(stdout, "*** Poisson Equation Parameters -\n");
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fprintf(stdout, tabformat, "Eps", info->eps, "F/cm");
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fprintf(stdout, newformat, "Affin", info->affin, "eV");
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fprintf(stdout, tabformat, "Egap", info->eg0, "eV");
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fprintf(stdout, newformat, "PsiB", -info->refPsi * VNorm, "V");
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} else if (info->type == SEMICON) {
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fprintf(stdout, "***** %s PARAMETERS AT %g deg K\n", name, Temp);
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fprintf(stdout, "*** Poisson Equation\n");
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fprintf(stdout, tabformat, "Eps", info->eps, "F/cm");
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fprintf(stdout, newformat, "Affin", info->affin, "eV");
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fprintf(stdout, tabformat, "Vt", Vt, "V");
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fprintf(stdout, newformat, "Ni", info->ni0, "/cm^3");
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fprintf(stdout, tabformat, "Nc", info->nc0, "/cm^3");
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fprintf(stdout, newformat, "Nv", info->nv0, "/cm^3");
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fprintf(stdout, tabformat, "MnSi", info->mass[ELEC], "*m0 kg");
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fprintf(stdout, newformat, "MpSi", info->mass[HOLE], "*m0 kg");
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fprintf(stdout, tabformat, "Egap", info->eg0, "eV");
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fprintf(stdout, newformat, "PsiB", -info->refPsi * VNorm, "V");
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fprintf(stdout, tabformat, "dEg/dT", info->dEgDt, "eV");
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fprintf(stdout, newformat, "Tref", info->trefBGN, "deg K");
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fprintf(stdout, tabformat, "dEg/dN", info->dEgDn[ELEC], "eV");
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fprintf(stdout, newformat, "Nref", info->nrefBGN[ELEC], "/cm^3");
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fprintf(stdout, tabformat, "dEg/dP", info->dEgDn[HOLE], "eV");
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fprintf(stdout, newformat, "Pref", info->nrefBGN[HOLE], "/cm^3");
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fprintf(stdout, tabformat, "Edon", info->eDon * VNorm, "eV");
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fprintf(stdout, newformat, "Eacc", info->eAcc * VNorm, "eV");
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fprintf(stdout, tabformat, "Gdon", info->gDon, "");
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fprintf(stdout, newformat, "Gacc", info->gAcc, "");
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fprintf(stdout, "*** Generation - Recombination\n");
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fprintf(stdout, tabformat, "Tn0", info->tau0[ELEC] * TNorm, "s");
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fprintf(stdout, newformat, "Tp0", info->tau0[HOLE] * TNorm, "s");
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fprintf(stdout, tabformat, "CnAug",
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info->cAug[ELEC] / (NNorm * NNorm * TNorm), "cm^6/s");
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fprintf(stdout, newformat, "CpAug",
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info->cAug[HOLE] / (NNorm * NNorm * TNorm), "cm^6/s");
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fprintf(stdout, tabformat, "Aiin", info->aii[ELEC] / LNorm, "/cm");
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fprintf(stdout, newformat, "Aiip", info->aii[HOLE] / LNorm, "/cm");
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fprintf(stdout, tabformat, "Biin", info->bii[ELEC] * ENorm, "V/cm");
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fprintf(stdout, newformat, "Biip", info->bii[HOLE] * ENorm, "V/cm");
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fprintf(stdout, "*** Thermionic Emission\n");
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fprintf(stdout, tabformat, "Arichn", info->aRich[ELEC], "A/cm^2/oK^2");
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fprintf(stdout, newformat, "Arichp", info->aRich[HOLE], "A/cm^2/oK^2");
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fprintf(stdout, tabformat, "Vrichn", info->vRich[ELEC] * ENorm, "cm/s");
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fprintf(stdout, newformat, "Vrichp", info->vRich[HOLE] * ENorm, "cm/s");
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fprintf(stdout, "*** Majority Carrier Mobility\n");
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fprintf(stdout, tabformat, "MunMax",
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info->muMax[ELEC][MAJOR], "cm^2/V-s");
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fprintf(stdout, newformat, "MupMax",
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info->muMax[HOLE][MAJOR], "cm^2/V-s");
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fprintf(stdout, tabformat, "MunMin",
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info->muMin[ELEC][MAJOR], "cm^2/V-s");
|
|
fprintf(stdout, newformat, "MupMin",
|
|
info->muMin[HOLE][MAJOR], "cm^2/V-s");
|
|
fprintf(stdout, "*** Minority Carrier Mobility\n");
|
|
fprintf(stdout, tabformat, "MunMax",
|
|
info->muMax[ELEC][MINOR], "cm^2/V-s");
|
|
fprintf(stdout, newformat, "MupMax",
|
|
info->muMax[HOLE][MINOR], "cm^2/V-s");
|
|
fprintf(stdout, tabformat, "MunMin",
|
|
info->muMin[ELEC][MINOR], "cm^2/V-s");
|
|
fprintf(stdout, newformat, "MupMin",
|
|
info->muMin[HOLE][MINOR], "cm^2/V-s");
|
|
fprintf(stdout, "*** Surface Mobility\n");
|
|
fprintf(stdout, tabformat, "Muns", info->mus[ELEC], "cm^2/V-s");
|
|
fprintf(stdout, newformat, "Mups", info->mus[HOLE], "cm^2/V-s");
|
|
fprintf(stdout, tabformat, "ThetaAN", info->thetaA[ELEC] / ENorm, "cm/V");
|
|
fprintf(stdout, newformat, "ThetaAP", info->thetaA[HOLE] / ENorm, "cm/V");
|
|
fprintf(stdout, tabformat, "ThetaBN",
|
|
info->thetaB[ELEC] / ENorm / ENorm, "cm^2/V^2");
|
|
fprintf(stdout, newformat, "ThetaBP",
|
|
info->thetaB[HOLE] / ENorm / ENorm, "cm^2/V^2");
|
|
fprintf(stdout, "*** Velocity Saturation\n");
|
|
fprintf(stdout, tabformat, "VsatN", info->vSat[ELEC] * ENorm, "cm/s");
|
|
fprintf(stdout, newformat, "VsatP", info->vSat[HOLE] * ENorm, "cm/s");
|
|
if (info->fieldModel == SG || info->fieldModel == GA) {
|
|
fprintf(stdout, tabformat, "VwarmN", info->vWarm[ELEC] * ENorm, "cm/s");
|
|
fprintf(stdout, newformat, "VwarmP", info->vWarm[HOLE] * ENorm, "cm/s");
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
return;
|
|
}
|