introduce recombination current component

src/spicelib/devices/dio/dio.c

@@ -106,6 +106,8 @@ IFparm DIOmPTable[] = { /* model parameters */
 
  IOP( "fv_max",   DIO_MOD_FV_MAX,  IF_REAL, "maximum voltage in forward direction"),
  IOP( "bv_max",   DIO_MOD_BV_MAX,  IF_REAL, "maximum voltage in reverse direction"),
+ IOP( "isr",  DIO_MOD_ISR,  IF_REAL, "Recombination saturation current"),
+ IOP( "nr",   DIO_MOD_NR,   IF_REAL, "Recombination current emission coefficient"),
 
  IP( "d",    DIO_MOD_D,   IF_FLAG, "Diode model")
 };

src/spicelib/devices/dio/diodefs.h

@@ -115,6 +115,7 @@ typedef struct sDIOinstance {
     double DIOreverseKneeCurrent; /* Reverse Knee current */
     double DIOjunctionCap;     /* geometry adjusted junction capacitance */
     double DIOjunctionSWCap;     /* geometry adjusted junction sidewall capacitance */
+    double DIOtRecSatCur; /* temperature adjusted recombination saturation current */
 
 /*
  * naming convention:
@@ -231,6 +232,8 @@ typedef struct sDIOmodel {       /* model structure for a diode */
     unsigned DIOtunEGcorrectionFactorGiven : 1;
     unsigned DIOfv_maxGiven : 1;
     unsigned DIObv_maxGiven : 1;
+    unsigned DIOrecSatCurGiven : 1;
+    unsigned DIOrecEmissionCoeffGiven : 1;
 
     int    DIOlevel;   /* level selector */
     double DIOsatCur;   /* saturation current */
@@ -284,6 +287,8 @@ typedef struct sDIOmodel {       /* model structure for a diode */
     double DIOtunEGcorrectionFactor; /* EG correction factor for tunneling (KEG) */
     double DIOfv_max; /* maximum voltage in forward direction */
     double DIObv_max; /* maximum voltage in reverse direction */
+    double DIOrecSatCur; /* Recombination saturation current */
+    double DIOrecEmissionCoeff; /* Recombination emission coefficient */
 
 } DIOmodel;
 
@@ -365,6 +370,8 @@ enum {
     DIO_MOD_KEG,
     DIO_MOD_FV_MAX,
     DIO_MOD_BV_MAX,
+    DIO_MOD_ISR,
+    DIO_MOD_NR,
 };
 
 #include "dioext.h"

src/spicelib/devices/dio/dioload.c

@@ -45,7 +45,8 @@ DIOload(GENmodel *inModel, CKTcircuit *ckt)
     double delvd;   /* change in diode voltage temporary */
     double evd;
     double evrev;
-    double gd, gdb, gdsw;
+    double gd, gdb, gdsw, gen_fac, gen_fac_vd;
+    double evd_rec, cdb_rec, gdb_rec;
     double geq;
     double gspr;    /* area-scaled conductance */
     double sarg;
@@ -234,6 +235,15 @@ next1:      if (model->DIOsatSWCurGiven) {              /* sidewall current */
                 evd = exp(vd/vte);
                 cdb = csat*(evd-1);
                 gdb = csat*evd/vte;
+                evd_rec = exp(vd/(model->DIOrecEmissionCoeff*vt)); /* recombination current */
+                cdb_rec = here->DIOtRecSatCur*(evd_rec-1);
+                gdb_rec = here->DIOtRecSatCur*evd_rec/vt;
+                gen_fac = pow((pow((1-vd/here->DIOtJctPot), 2) + 0.005), here->DIOtGradingCoeff/2);
+                gen_fac_vd = here->DIOtGradingCoeff * (1-vd/here->DIOtJctPot) * pow((pow((1-vd/here->DIOtJctPot), 2) + 0.005), here->DIOtGradingCoeff/2-1);
+                cdb_rec = cdb_rec * gen_fac;
+                gdb_rec = gdb_rec * gen_fac + cdb_rec * gen_fac_vd;
+                cdb = cdb + cdb_rec;
+                gdb = gdb + gdb_rec;
 
             } else if((!(model->DIObreakdownVoltageGiven)) ||
                     vd >= -here->DIOtBrkdwnV) { /* reverse */

src/spicelib/devices/dio/diomask.c

@@ -172,6 +172,12 @@ DIOmAsk (CKTcircuit *ckt, GENmodel *inModel, int which, IFvalue *value)
         case DIO_MOD_BV_MAX:
             value->rValue = model->DIObv_max;
             return(OK);
+        case DIO_MOD_ISR:
+            value->rValue = model->DIOrecSatCur;
+            return(OK);
+        case DIO_MOD_NR:
+            value->rValue = model->DIOrecEmissionCoeff;
+            return(OK);
         default:
             return(E_BADPARM);
         }

src/spicelib/devices/dio/diompar.c

@@ -209,6 +209,14 @@ DIOmParam(int param, IFvalue *value, GENmodel *inModel)
             model->DIObv_max = value->rValue;
             model->DIObv_maxGiven = TRUE;
             break;
+        case DIO_MOD_ISR:
+            model->DIOrecSatCur = value->rValue;
+            model->DIOrecSatCurGiven = TRUE;
+            break;
+        case DIO_MOD_NR:
+            model->DIOrecEmissionCoeff = value->rValue;
+            model->DIOrecEmissionCoeffGiven = TRUE;
+            break;
         case DIO_MOD_D:
             /* no action - we already know we are a diode, but this */
             /* makes life easier for spice-2 like parsers */

src/spicelib/devices/dio/diosetup.c

@@ -159,6 +159,12 @@ DIOsetup(SMPmatrix *matrix, GENmodel *inModel, CKTcircuit *ckt, int *states)
         if(!model->DIObv_maxGiven) {
             model->DIObv_max = 1e99;
         }
+        if(!model->DIOrecEmissionCoeffGiven) {
+            model->DIOrecEmissionCoeff = 1;
+        }
+        if(!model->DIOrecSatCurGiven) {
+            model->DIOrecSatCur = 1e-14;
+        }
 
         /* loop through all the instances of the model */
         for (here = DIOinstances(model); here != NULL ;

src/spicelib/devices/dio/diotemp.c

@@ -157,6 +157,12 @@ DIOtemp(GENmodel *inModel, CKTcircuit *ckt)
                     model->DIOtunSaturationCurrentExp *
                     log(here->DIOtemp/model->DIOnomTemp) );
 
+            here->DIOtRecSatCur = model->DIOrecSatCur * here->DIOarea * exp(
+                    ((here->DIOtemp/model->DIOnomTemp)-1) *
+                    model->DIOactivationEnergy/(model->DIOrecEmissionCoeff*vt) +
+                    model->DIOsaturationCurrentExp/model->DIOrecEmissionCoeff *
+                    log(here->DIOtemp/model->DIOnomTemp) );
+
             /* the defintion of f1, just recompute after temperature adjusting
              * all the variables used in it */
             here->DIOtF1=here->DIOtJctPot*