diff --git a/assets/IMAGE-REQUIREMENTS.md b/assets/IMAGE-REQUIREMENTS.md deleted file mode 100644 index 00c4b5f..0000000 --- a/assets/IMAGE-REQUIREMENTS.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1138 +0,0 @@ -# Tesla Coil Spark Course - Image Requirements - -This document lists all images needed for the interactive lesson application, organized by section. Each entry includes specifications for creation. - -**Total Images Required: 45+** - -## Current Status (Updated 2025-10-10) - -**Images Complete: 37 / 45+** - -| Status | Count | Description | -|--------|-------|-------------| -| ✓ Generated (matplotlib) | 22 | High-quality programmatically generated graphs, plots, tables | -| ⚠ Placeholder | 15 | Placeholders created with descriptions for manual creation | -| ❌ Specification Only | 7 | Circuit diagrams - see CIRCUIT-SPECIFICATIONS.md | -| ➖ Optional/Future | 1 | Nice-to-have images for future enhancement | - -### Generated Images (22) -- **Fundamentals (4):** complex-plane-admittance, phase-angle-visualization, phase-constraint-graph, admittance-vector-addition -- **Optimization (4):** power-vs-resistance-curves, frequency-shift-with-loading, drsstc-operating-modes, loaded-pole-analysis -- **Spark Physics (6):** energy-budget-breakdown, epsilon-by-mode-comparison, thermal-diffusion-vs-diameter, voltage-division-vs-length-plot, length-vs-energy-scaling, qcw-vs-burst-timeline -- **Advanced Modeling (7):** capacitance-matrix-heatmap, resistance-taper-initialization, power-distribution-along-spark, current-attenuation-plot, lumped-vs-distributed-comparison, position-dependent-bounds, validation-total-resistance -- **Shared (1):** complex-number-review - -### Manual Creation Required -- **Circuit Diagrams (7):** See CIRCUIT-SPECIFICATIONS.md for detailed specs -- **FEMM Screenshots (5):** Require professional electrostatic simulations -- **Photography (3):** High-speed photography of actual sparks -- **Complex Diagrams (7):** Flowcharts, feedback loops, etc. - -**Scripts:** -- `generate_images.py` - Generates all 22 matplotlib images -- `generate_placeholders.py` - Creates 15 placeholder images with specs -- Both scripts are rerunnable and include documentation - -### Quick Status Reference - -| Image # | Name | Status | -|---------|------|--------| -| 1 | field-lines-capacitances | ⚠ Placeholder (FEMM) | -| 2 | geometry-to-circuit | ❌ Circuit Spec | -| 3 | complex-plane-admittance | ✓ Generated | -| 4 | phase-angle-visualization | ✓ Generated | -| 5 | phase-constraint-graph | ✓ Generated | -| 6 | current-paths-diagram | ❌ Circuit Spec | -| 7 | admittance-vector-addition | ✓ Generated | -| 8 | impedance-matching-concept | ⚠ Placeholder (Diagram) | -| 9 | power-vs-resistance-curves | ✓ Generated | -| 10 | hungry-streamer-feedback-loop | ⚠ Placeholder (Diagram) | -| 11 | thevenin-measurement-setup | ⚠ Placeholder (Diagram) | -| 12 | thevenin-equivalent-circuit | ❌ Circuit Spec | -| 13 | frequency-shift-with-loading | ✓ Generated | -| 14 | drsstc-operating-modes | ✓ Generated | -| 15 | loaded-pole-analysis | ✓ Generated | -| 16 | electric-field-enhancement | ⚠ Placeholder (FEMM) | -| 17 | femm-field-plot-example | ⚠ Placeholder (FEMM) | -| 18 | energy-budget-breakdown | ✓ Generated | -| 19 | epsilon-by-mode-comparison | ✓ Generated | -| 20 | thermal-diffusion-vs-diameter | ✓ Generated | -| 21 | spark-channel-persistence-sequence | ⚠ Placeholder (Photo) | -| 22 | streamers-vs-leaders-photos | ⚠ Placeholder (Photo) | -| 23 | streamer-to-leader-transition-sequence | ⚠ Placeholder (Photo/Diagram) | -| 24 | voltage-division-vs-length-plot | ✓ Generated | -| 25 | capacitive-divider-circuit | ❌ Circuit Spec | -| 26 | length-vs-energy-scaling | ✓ Generated | -| 27 | qcw-vs-burst-timeline | ✓ Generated | -| 28 | lumped-model-schematic | ❌ Circuit Spec | -| 29 | femm-geometry-setup-lumped | ⚠ Placeholder (FEMM) | -| 30 | maxwell-matrix-extraction | ⚠ Placeholder (Diagram) | -| 31 | lumped-model-validation-checks | ⚠ Placeholder (Diagram) | -| 32 | distributed-model-structure | ❌ Circuit Spec | -| 33 | femm-geometry-setup-distributed | ⚠ Placeholder (FEMM) | -| 34 | capacitance-matrix-heatmap | ✓ Generated | -| 35 | partial-capacitance-transformation | ⚠ Placeholder (Diagram) | -| 36 | resistance-taper-initialization | ✓ Generated | -| 37 | iterative-optimization-convergence | ⚠ Placeholder (Diagram) | -| 38 | power-distribution-along-spark | ✓ Generated | -| 39 | current-attenuation-plot | ✓ Generated | -| 40 | lumped-vs-distributed-comparison | ✓ Generated | -| 41 | position-dependent-bounds | ✓ Generated | -| 42 | spice-implementation-methods | ⚠ Placeholder (Diagram) | -| 43 | validation-total-resistance | ✓ Generated | -| 44 | tesla-coil-system-overview | ❌ Circuit Spec | -| 45 | complex-number-review | ✓ Generated | - ---- - -## Part 1: Fundamentals (8 images) - -### 1. **field-lines-capacitances.png** -**Location:** `lessons/01-fundamentals/assets/` -**Referenced in:** fund-02 (Basic Circuit Model) - -**Description:** -3D visualization showing electric field lines between topload (spherical or toroidal) and a cylindrical spark channel. - -**Details:** -- Show field lines for two cases side-by-side: - - **Left**: C_mut field lines (coupling between topload and spark) - - **Right**: C_sh field lines (spark to ground plane) -- Use different colors: Blue for C_mut, Red for C_sh -- Label key features: topload, spark channel, ground plane -- Add dimension arrows showing spark length -- Include legend with typical values (C_mut ~ 8 pF, C_sh ~ 6 pF for 3-foot spark) - -**Suggested Format:** PNG, 1200x600 px, high contrast for dark/light mode - ---- - -### 2. **geometry-to-circuit.png** -**Location:** `lessons/01-fundamentals/assets/` -**Referenced in:** fund-02 (Basic Circuit Model) - -**Description:** -Side-by-side comparison showing physical geometry translating to circuit schematic. - -**Details:** -- **Left side**: 3D rendering of topload with spark - - Toroid or sphere topload - - Cylindrical spark extending downward - - Ground plane at bottom - - Arrows indicating the two capacitive paths - -- **Right side**: Circuit schematic - - Topload node at top - - (R || C_mut) in series with C_sh to ground - - Clear node labels - - Component values shown - -**Suggested Format:** PNG, 1400x700 px - ---- - -### 3. **complex-plane-admittance.png** -**Location:** `lessons/01-fundamentals/assets/` -**Referenced in:** fund-03 (Admittance Analysis) - -**Description:** -Complex plane plots showing Y and Z phasors. - -**Details:** -- Two complex planes side-by-side: - - **Left**: Admittance (Y) plane with Re{Y} horizontal, Im{Y} vertical - - **Right**: Impedance (Z) plane with Re{Z} horizontal, Im{Z} vertical -- Show example phasor on each: Y = 10 + j15 mS, Z = 30 - j45 Ω -- Mark angles θ_Y and φ_Z -- Show relationship φ_Z = -θ_Y with arrows -- Use grid lines for readability -- Color code: Conductance/Resistance (blue), Susceptance/Reactance (red) - -**Suggested Format:** PNG, 1200x600 px - ---- - -### 4. **phase-angle-visualization.png** -**Location:** `lessons/01-fundamentals/assets/` -**Referenced in:** fund-04 (Phase Angles) - -**Description:** -Impedance phasors showing different phase angles and their meanings. - -**Details:** -- Show 5 impedance phasors on single complex plane: - 1. Pure resistive (φ = 0°) - 2. Slightly capacitive (φ = -30°) - 3. Balanced (φ = -45°) - 4. More capacitive (φ = -60°) - 5. Highly capacitive (φ = -75°) -- Label each with physical interpretation -- Highlight -45° as "theoretical matched" with note: "Often impossible for Tesla coils" -- Show typical spark range (-55° to -75°) as shaded region -- Include power factor values for each - -**Suggested Format:** PNG, 1000x800 px - ---- - -### 5. **phase-constraint-graph.png** -**Location:** `lessons/01-fundamentals/assets/` -**Referenced in:** fund-05 (Phase Constraint) - -**Description:** -Graph of minimum achievable phase angle vs capacitance ratio. - -**Details:** -- X-axis: r = C_mut/C_sh (0 to 3) -- Y-axis: φ_Z,min (degrees, 0° to -90°) -- Plot curve: φ_Z,min = -atan(2√[r(1+r)]) -- Mark critical point r = 0.207 where φ_Z,min = -45° -- Shade "impossible region" above curve -- Add horizontal line at -45° with label "Traditional 'matched' target" -- Mark typical Tesla coil region (r = 0.5 to 2.0) -- Include annotations for geometric examples - -**Suggested Format:** PNG, 1000x700 px - ---- - -### 6. **current-paths-diagram.png** -**Location:** `lessons/01-fundamentals/assets/` -**Referenced in:** fund-07 (Measurement Port) - -**Description:** -Complete Tesla coil diagram showing all current paths. - -**Details:** -- Full coil schematic: primary, secondary, topload, spark -- Show and label ALL current paths: - 1. I_spark (through spark resistance) - 2. I_displacement (topload to ground capacitance) - 3. I_coupling (primary to secondary capacitive coupling) - 4. I_secondary_sections (distributed capacitance to ground) - 5. I_base (total current at base) -- Use different colors/line styles for each current path -- Show I_base = I_spark + I_displacement + I_coupling + ... -- Highlight correct measurement port (topload-to-ground) -- Mark incorrect measurement location (I_base) with X - -**Suggested Format:** PNG, 1000x1200 px (vertical) - ---- - -### 7. **admittance-vector-addition.png** -**Location:** `lessons/01-fundamentals/assets/` -**Referenced in:** fund-03 (Admittance Analysis) - -**Description:** -Vector diagram showing parallel admittance addition. - -**Details:** -- Show two branches: Y₁ = G + jB₁ and Y₂ = jB₂ -- Vector addition: Y_total = Y₁ + Y₂ -- Graphical parallelogram method -- Label Re{Y} and Im{Y} components -- Show how parallel combination differs from series - -**Suggested Format:** PNG, 800x600 px - ---- - -### 8. **impedance-matching-concept.png** -**Location:** `lessons/01-fundamentals/assets/` -**Referenced in:** fund-06 (Why Not 45 Degrees) - -**Description:** -Conceptual diagram comparing ideal vs. constrained matching. - -**Details:** -- Show two scenarios side-by-side: - - **Ideal**: Load impedance can be anywhere (full circle), conjugate match achievable - - **Constrained**: Load impedance confined to sector (Tesla coil reality) -- Highlight φ_Z,min boundary -- Mark R_opt_power and R_opt_phase locations -- Show -45° target outside feasible region - -**Suggested Format:** PNG, 1200x600 px - ---- - -## Part 2: Optimization (7 images) - -### 9. **power-vs-resistance-curves.png** -**Location:** `lessons/02-optimization/assets/` -**Referenced in:** opt-01 (Two Resistances) - -**Description:** -Graph of power delivered vs. resistance, showing both optimal points. - -**Details:** -- X-axis: Resistance R (log scale, 1 kΩ to 10 MΩ) -- Y-axis: Power delivered P (kW) -- Plot P(R) curve with clear peak at R_opt_power -- Mark R_opt_power with vertical line and label -- Mark R_opt_phase with different vertical line -- Show phase angle φ_Z(R) on secondary Y-axis -- Annotate: "R_opt_power maximizes power" and "R_opt_phase minimizes |φ_Z|" -- Include typical values: R_opt_power ~ 60 kΩ, R_opt_phase ~ 100 kΩ - -**Suggested Format:** PNG, 1200x800 px - ---- - -### 10. **hungry-streamer-feedback-loop.png** -**Location:** `lessons/02-optimization/assets/` -**Referenced in:** opt-02 (Hungry Streamer) - -**Description:** -Feedback loop diagram showing self-optimization mechanism. - -**Details:** -- Circular diagram with 6 steps: - 1. More power → Joule heating (I²R) - 2. Higher temperature → thermal ionization - 3. Increased n_e → higher conductivity - 4. Lower R → closer to R_opt - 5. Better matching → more power extracted - 6. Loop back to step 1 -- Use arrows showing flow -- Add constraint boxes: R_min, R_max, source limits -- Show equilibrium point: R_actual ≈ R_opt_power -- Color code: Power (red), Temperature (orange), Conductivity (blue) - -**Suggested Format:** PNG, 1000x1000 px - ---- - -### 11. **thevenin-measurement-setup.png** -**Location:** `lessons/02-optimization/assets/` -**Referenced in:** opt-03 (Thévenin Method) - -**Description:** -Two diagrams showing Z_th and V_th measurement procedures. - -**Details:** -- **Top**: Z_th measurement - - Tesla coil circuit with primary drive OFF - - 1V AC test source at topload - - Current measurement arrow - - Labels: "Drive OFF", "Measure I_test", "Z_th = 1V / I_test" - -- **Bottom**: V_th measurement - - Tesla coil circuit with primary drive ON - - No load (open circuit at topload) - - Voltage measurement - - Labels: "Drive ON", "No spark load", "Measure V_th" - -**Suggested Format:** PNG, 1000x1000 px (vertical) - ---- - -### 12. **thevenin-equivalent-circuit.png** -**Location:** `lessons/02-optimization/assets/` -**Referenced in:** opt-04 (Thévenin Calculations) - -**Description:** -Thévenin equivalent with spark load. - -**Details:** -- Simple circuit: V_th source → Z_th → Z_spark (load) -- Show voltage divider relationship -- Label currents and voltages -- Add power formula: P = 0.5|V_th|²Re{Z_spark}/|Z_th+Z_spark|² -- Show typical values: Z_th ~ 100 - j2400 Ω, V_th ~ 350 kV - -**Suggested Format:** PNG, 800x600 px - ---- - -### 13. **frequency-shift-with-loading.png** -**Location:** `lessons/02-optimization/assets/` -**Referenced in:** opt-06 (Frequency Tracking) - -**Description:** -Graph showing resonant frequency shift as spark grows. - -**Details:** -- X-axis: Spark length (meters, 0 to 3) -- Y-axis: Resonant frequency (kHz) -- Plot two curves: - - Lower pole frequency (decreasing with length) - - Upper pole frequency (increasing slightly with length) -- Mark unloaded resonance f₀ -- Show C_sh increasing annotation (~ 2 pF/foot) -- Typical shift: 200 kHz → 175 kHz for 2 m spark -- Color code poles, add labels - -**Suggested Format:** PNG, 1000x700 px - ---- - -### 14. **drsstc-operating-modes.png** -**Location:** `lessons/02-optimization/assets/` -**Referenced in:** opt-06 (Frequency Tracking) - -**Description:** -Three timing diagrams showing different DRSSTC operating modes. - -**Details:** -- Three horizontal timelines: - 1. **Fixed frequency**: Square wave, constant frequency despite loading - 2. **PLL tracking**: Frequency adjusts as spark grows (show freq change) - 3. **Programmed sweep**: Frequency follows predetermined curve -- X-axis: Time (ms) -- Y-axis: Frequency or voltage -- Show spark growth underneath each -- Annotate pros/cons for each mode -- Color code drive signal (blue), actual resonance (red) - -**Suggested Format:** PNG, 1200x800 px - ---- - -### 15. **loaded-pole-analysis.png** -**Location:** `lessons/02-optimization/assets/` -**Referenced in:** opt-06 (Frequency Tracking) - -**Description:** -Frequency domain showing coupled resonances. - -**Details:** -- X-axis: Frequency (kHz, 150-250) -- Y-axis: |V_topload| (kV) -- Plot transfer function showing two poles (peaks) -- Show unloaded case (sharp peaks) -- Overlay loaded case (broader, shifted peaks) -- Mark operating frequency choices -- Annotate: "Wrong: operate at fixed f₀", "Right: track loaded pole" - -**Suggested Format:** PNG, 1000x700 px - ---- - -## Part 3: Spark Physics (12 images) - -### 16. **electric-field-enhancement.png** -**Location:** `lessons/03-spark-physics/assets/` -**Referenced in:** phys-01 (Field Thresholds) - -**Description:** -Field enhancement at spark tip vs. average field. - -**Details:** -- Two side-by-side field plots from FEMM: - - **Left**: Smooth topload (no spark), showing E_average - - **Right**: With spark tip, showing E_tip with enhancement -- Color gradient showing field magnitude -- Mark E_tip location with annotation: κ × E_average -- Show tip enhancement factor κ ≈ 2-5 -- Include scale bar and values - -**Suggested Format:** PNG, 1400x700 px - ---- - -### 17. **femm-field-plot-example.png** -**Location:** `lessons/03-spark-physics/assets/` -**Referenced in:** phys-02 (Voltage Limits) - -**Description:** -FEMM electrostatic solution showing field distribution. - -**Details:** -- Complete FEMM simulation output -- Toroid topload at 350 kV -- 2-meter spark extending down -- Color-coded field magnitude (rainbow scale) -- Equipotential lines overlaid -- Ground plane at bottom -- Field values annotated at key points -- Show E_propagation threshold line (e.g., 0.5 MV/m) - -**Suggested Format:** PNG, 800x1200 px (vertical) - ---- - -### 18. **energy-budget-breakdown.png** -**Location:** `lessons/03-spark-physics/assets/` -**Referenced in:** phys-03 (Energy Per Meter) - -**Description:** -Pie chart showing energy distribution per meter of spark. - -**Details:** -- Pie chart with segments for: - - Ionization energy (40-50%) - - Channel heating (20-30%) - - Radiation losses (10-20%) - - Shock wave / acoustic (5-10%) - - Electrohydrodynamic work (5-10%) -- Label each segment with percentage -- Note total ε = 10 J/m (QCW example) -- Include annotation: "Minimum theoretical: ~0.5 J/m" - -**Suggested Format:** PNG, 800x800 px - ---- - -### 19. **epsilon-by-mode-comparison.png** -**Location:** `lessons/03-spark-physics/assets/` -**Referenced in:** phys-04 (Empirical Epsilon) - -**Description:** -Bar chart comparing ε values by operating mode. - -**Details:** -- X-axis: Operating mode (QCW, Hybrid DRSSTC, Hard-pulsed Burst) -- Y-axis: ε (J/m), log scale, 1-100 -- Three bars with error ranges: - - QCW: 5-15 J/m (green, efficient) - - Hybrid: 20-40 J/m (yellow, moderate) - - Burst: 30-100+ J/m (red, inefficient) -- Annotate physical reasons (leader vs streamer dominance) -- Include photos/sketches of typical spark appearance for each - -**Suggested Format:** PNG, 1200x800 px - ---- - -### 20. **thermal-diffusion-vs-diameter.png** -**Location:** `lessons/03-spark-physics/assets/` -**Referenced in:** phys-05 (Thermal Memory) - -**Description:** -Graph of thermal time constant vs. channel diameter. - -**Details:** -- X-axis: Channel diameter d (μm to cm, log scale) -- Y-axis: Thermal time constant τ (ms, log scale) -- Plot curve: τ = d²/(4α) -- Mark key points: - - d = 100 μm → τ ~ 0.1 ms (streamer) - - d = 1 mm → τ ~ 12 ms - - d = 5 mm → τ ~ 300 ms (leader) -- Shade regions: "Streamer regime", "Leader regime" -- Add annotation for convection effects (longer persistence) - -**Suggested Format:** PNG, 1000x700 px - ---- - -### 21. **spark-channel-persistence-sequence.png** -**Location:** `lessons/03-spark-physics/assets/` -**Referenced in:** phys-05 (Thermal Memory) - -**Description:** -Time-lapse sequence showing channel cooling. - -**Details:** -- 5-6 frames showing spark channel over time: - - t = 0 ms: Bright, hot channel - - t = 1 ms: Still visible - - t = 5 ms: Fading - - t = 20 ms: Nearly gone (streamer) - - t = 100 ms: Completely dissipated (streamer) OR still visible (leader) -- Use false color to show temperature -- Label each frame with time and approximate temperature -- Show two tracks: thin streamer vs thick leader - -**Suggested Format:** PNG, 1500x600 px - ---- - -### 22. **streamers-vs-leaders-photos.png** -**Location:** `lessons/03-spark-physics/assets/` -**Referenced in:** phys-06 (Streamers vs Leaders) - -**Description:** -High-speed photography comparing streamer and leader appearance. - -**Details:** -- Two photos side-by-side or top/bottom: - - **Top**: Burst mode - purple/blue, highly branched streamers - - **Bottom**: QCW mode - white/orange, thick straight leaders -- Same scale for size comparison -- Annotations pointing out: - - Branch density - - Channel diameter - - Color differences - - Straightness vs. branching -- Include camera settings and coil parameters - -**Suggested Format:** PNG, 1200x1000 px - ---- - -### 23. **streamer-to-leader-transition-sequence.png** -**Location:** `lessons/03-spark-physics/assets/` -**Referenced in:** phys-06 (Streamers vs Leaders) - -**Description:** -6-step diagram showing transition mechanism. - -**Details:** -- Six sequential panels showing evolution: - 1. Initial streamers (thin, branched, purple) - 2. Current begins flowing (heat accumulation) - 3. Channel heating (color shift to blue-white) - 4. Leader forms at base (thick, bright) - 5. Leader propagates (tip launches new streamers) - 6. Full leader with streamer corona at tip -- Arrows showing progression -- Temperature scale on side (1000 K → 20000 K) -- Time scale (μs → ms) - -**Suggested Format:** PNG, 1500x1000 px - ---- - -### 24. **voltage-division-vs-length-plot.png** -**Location:** `lessons/03-spark-physics/assets/` -**Referenced in:** phys-07 (Capacitive Divider) - -**Description:** -Graph showing how V_tip decreases as spark grows. - -**Details:** -- X-axis: Spark length L (meters, 0 to 3) -- Y-axis: V_tip / V_topload (ratio, 0 to 1) -- Plot curve: V_tip = V_topload × C_mut/(C_mut + C_sh(L)) -- Show C_sh increasing linearly with L -- Mark where E_tip = E_propagation (growth stalls) -- Annotate: "Sub-linear scaling" -- Include typical values: C_mut = 10 pF, C_sh = 6.6 pF/m - -**Suggested Format:** PNG, 1000x700 px - ---- - -### 25. **capacitive-divider-circuit.png** -**Location:** `lessons/03-spark-physics/assets/` -**Referenced in:** phys-07 (Capacitive Divider) - -**Description:** -Circuit diagram showing voltage division. - -**Details:** -- Vertical stack: - - V_topload at top - - C_mut (with R in parallel) - - V_tip at junction - - C_sh to ground -- Show voltage divider formula -- Annotate how C_sh grows with length -- Include example calculation - -**Suggested Format:** PNG, 600x800 px (vertical) - ---- - -### 26. **length-vs-energy-scaling.png** -**Location:** `lessons/03-spark-physics/assets/` -**Referenced in:** phys-08 (Freau Relationship) - -**Description:** -Log-log plot showing L vs E scaling for different modes. - -**Details:** -- X-axis: Energy E (Joules, log scale, 1 to 1000) -- Y-axis: Spark length L (meters, log scale, 0.1 to 10) -- Plot three curves: - - Burst mode: L ∝ √E (slope = 0.5) - - QCW ramp: L ∝ E^0.7 (slope = 0.7) - - Ideal linear: L ∝ E (slope = 1.0, dashed reference) -- Label each with operating mode -- Add data points from real measurements -- Annotate physical reasons for sub-linear scaling - -**Suggested Format:** PNG, 1000x800 px - ---- - -### 27. **qcw-vs-burst-timeline.png** -**Location:** `lessons/03-spark-physics/assets/` -**Referenced in:** phys-05, phys-08 - -**Description:** -Side-by-side timing diagrams comparing QCW and burst operation. - -**Details:** -- Two horizontal timelines: - - **Top**: QCW (10-20 ms ramp) - - Power gradually increasing - - Spark length growing continuously - - Channel staying hot throughout - - **Bottom**: Burst mode (100-500 μs pulse) - - High peak power - - Short growth window - - Channel cools between pulses -- Show power, length, temperature on each -- Annotate key differences -- Time scale in ms - -**Suggested Format:** PNG, 1400x800 px - ---- - -## Part 4: Advanced Modeling (16 images) - -### 28. **lumped-model-schematic.png** -**Location:** `lessons/04-advanced-modeling/assets/` -**Referenced in:** model-01 (Lumped Model) - -**Description:** -Clean circuit schematic of lumped spark model. - -**Details:** -- Three-terminal network: - - Topload (input port) - - Spark tip (internal node) - - Ground (reference) -- Components clearly shown: - - C_mut between topload and spark tip - - R between topload and spark tip (parallel with C_mut) - - C_sh from spark tip to ground -- Add node labels and component values -- Show integration with full coil circuit (secondary, etc.) - -**Suggested Format:** PNG, 1000x600 px - ---- - -### 29. **femm-geometry-setup-lumped.png** -**Location:** `lessons/04-advanced-modeling/assets/` -**Referenced in:** model-02 (FEMM Extraction Lumped) - -**Description:** -FEMM geometry window showing setup for lumped model. - -**Details:** -- Axisymmetric geometry: - - Toroidal topload (cross-section shown) - - Single cylindrical spark segment - - Ground plane - - Outer boundary -- Materials labeled (air, perfect conductor) -- Dimensions annotated -- Boundary conditions marked -- Mesh visible (not too dense, showing structure) - -**Suggested Format:** PNG, 800x1000 px (vertical) - ---- - -### 30. **maxwell-matrix-extraction.png** -**Location:** `lessons/04-advanced-modeling/assets/` -**Referenced in:** model-02 (FEMM Extraction Lumped) - -**Description:** -Diagram showing Maxwell matrix extraction process. - -**Details:** -- FEMM capacitance matrix output (2×2): - ``` - [C_11 C_12] - [C_21 C_22] - ``` -- Arrows showing extraction: - - C_mut = |C_12| = |C_21| - - C_sh = C_22 + C_12 -- Sign convention clearly explained -- Example values shown -- Visual representation of what each capacitance means (field lines) - -**Suggested Format:** PNG, 1000x700 px - ---- - -### 31. **lumped-model-validation-checks.png** -**Location:** `lessons/04-advanced-modeling/assets/` -**Referenced in:** model-02 (FEMM Extraction Lumped) - -**Description:** -Flowchart of validation procedure. - -**Details:** -- Decision tree format: - 1. Check matrix symmetry → Pass/Fail - 2. Check C_sh vs. empirical rule → Within factor 2? - 3. Mesh convergence → Refine and recheck - 4. Boundary distance → Far enough? - 5. Calculate R_opt → Physical range? -- Color code: Green (pass), Yellow (warning), Red (fail) -- Include typical pass criteria - -**Suggested Format:** PNG, 800x1000 px (vertical) - ---- - -### 32. **distributed-model-structure.png** -**Location:** `lessons/04-advanced-modeling/assets/` -**Referenced in:** model-03 (Distributed Model) - -**Description:** -Circuit diagram of nth-order distributed model. - -**Details:** -- Vertical cascade of n segments (show n=5 for clarity): - - Topload at top - - Segment 1: [C_01][R_1][C_1,gnd] - - Segment 2: [C_12][R_2][C_2,gnd] - - ... - - Segment n: [C_n-1,n][R_n][C_n,gnd] -- Show current direction arrows -- Label voltage at each node (V_0, V_1, ..., V_n) -- Add note: "Typically n = 5-20" -- Highlight complexity vs. lumped model - -**Suggested Format:** PNG, 600x1200 px (vertical) - ---- - -### 33. **femm-geometry-setup-distributed.png** -**Location:** `lessons/04-advanced-modeling/assets/` -**Referenced in:** model-04 (FEMM Extraction Distributed) - -**Description:** -FEMM geometry for distributed model with multiple segments. - -**Details:** -- Axisymmetric view: - - Toroid topload - - 10 cylindrical segments stacked - - Each segment labeled (1-10) - - Ground plane - - Outer boundary -- Show segment numbering -- Equal length segments clearly visible -- Dimensions annotated -- Materials and boundaries labeled - -**Suggested Format:** PNG, 800x1200 px (vertical) - ---- - -### 34. **capacitance-matrix-heatmap.png** -**Location:** `lessons/04-advanced-modeling/assets/` -**Referenced in:** model-04 (FEMM Extraction Distributed) - -**Description:** -Heatmap visualization of 11×11 capacitance matrix. - -**Details:** -- Color-coded matrix (11 rows × 11 columns) -- Diagonal elements (large positive) in red/yellow -- Off-diagonal elements (smaller, some negative) in blue -- Symmetry visible -- Annotate: - - Row/column 0: Topload - - Rows/columns 1-10: Segments -- Include colorbar with scale (pF) -- Mark nearest-neighbor vs. distant coupling - -**Suggested Format:** PNG, 1000x1000 px - ---- - -### 35. **partial-capacitance-transformation.png** -**Location:** `lessons/04-advanced-modeling/assets/` -**Referenced in:** model-04 (FEMM Extraction Distributed) - -**Description:** -Diagram showing Maxwell → Partial capacitance transformation. - -**Details:** -- Two matrices side-by-side: - - **Left**: Maxwell matrix (with negative off-diagonals) - - **Right**: Partial capacitance matrix (all positive) -- Arrows showing transformation formulas -- Example for 3×3 case (easier to visualize) -- Physical interpretation of partial capacitances -- Note: "All SPICE capacitors must be positive" - -**Suggested Format:** PNG, 1400x700 px - ---- - -### 36. **resistance-taper-initialization.png** -**Location:** `lessons/04-advanced-modeling/assets/` -**Referenced in:** model-05 (Resistance Optimization) - -**Description:** -Graph showing initial resistance distribution. - -**Details:** -- X-axis: Position along spark (0 = base, 1 = tip) -- Y-axis: Resistance R[i] (log scale, Ω) -- Plot three curves: - - Uniform initialization (flat line, wrong) - - Linear taper (straight line, better) - - Quadratic taper (recommended, R = R_base + (R_tip - R_base)×pos²) -- Shade physical bounds R_min(pos) and R_max(pos) -- Mark typical values at base and tip - -**Suggested Format:** PNG, 1000x700 px - ---- - -### 37. **iterative-optimization-convergence.png** -**Location:** `lessons/04-advanced-modeling/assets/` -**Referenced in:** model-05 (Resistance Optimization) - -**Description:** -Convergence plot showing resistance values over iterations. - -**Details:** -- X-axis: Iteration number (0 to 5) -- Y-axis: Resistance (log scale, kΩ to MΩ) -- Multiple curves: one for each segment (10 total) -- Show convergence: - - Base segments (fast, 1-2 iterations) - - Mid segments (moderate, 2-3 iterations) - - Tip segments (slow, 3-4 iterations or flat) -- Horizontal lines showing convergence criteria (±1%) -- Color code by position (gradient base → tip) - -**Suggested Format:** PNG, 1200x800 px - ---- - -### 38. **power-distribution-along-spark.png** -**Location:** `lessons/04-advanced-modeling/assets/` -**Referenced in:** model-05, model-06 - -**Description:** -Bar chart showing power dissipation per segment. - -**Details:** -- X-axis: Segment number (1-10, base to tip) -- Y-axis: Power dissipated (kW) -- Bar chart with values decreasing from base to tip -- Typical pattern: high at base, peak at segment 2-3, decay to tip -- Annotate percentages (e.g., segment 3 = 38% of total) -- Add cumulative line (reaching 100% at tip) -- Include total power value - -**Suggested Format:** PNG, 1200x700 px - ---- - -### 39. **current-attenuation-plot.png** -**Location:** `lessons/04-advanced-modeling/assets/` -**Referenced in:** model-05, model-06 - -**Description:** -Graph of current magnitude along spark. - -**Details:** -- X-axis: Position along spark (m, 0 to 2.5) -- Y-axis: |I| / |I_base| (normalized current, 0 to 1) -- Plot curve showing exponential-like decay -- Mark segment boundaries -- Typical values: - - Base: 100% - - Middle: 70% - - 3/4 point: 50% - - Tip: 35% -- Include annotation about displacement current - -**Suggested Format:** PNG, 1000x700 px - ---- - -### 40. **lumped-vs-distributed-comparison.png** -**Location:** `lessons/04-advanced-modeling/assets/` -**Referenced in:** model-03, model-06 - -**Description:** -Table comparing lumped vs. distributed models. - -**Details:** -- Two-column comparison table: - - **Lumped Model**: - - Single R, C_mut, C_sh - - Fast simulation (0.1 s) - - Good for <10 foot sparks - - Impedance matching studies - - **Distributed Model**: - - n segments (10-20) - - Slow simulation (100-200 s) - - Accurate for any length - - Spatial detail needed -- Color code: Green (advantage), Yellow (neutral), Red (disadvantage) -- Include "When to use each" decision guide - -**Suggested Format:** PNG, 1200x800 px - ---- - -### 41. **position-dependent-bounds.png** -**Location:** `lessons/04-advanced-modeling/assets/` -**Referenced in:** model-05 (Resistance Optimization) - -**Description:** -Graph showing R_min and R_max vs position. - -**Details:** -- X-axis: Position (0 = base, 1 = tip) -- Y-axis: Resistance (log scale, Ω) -- Two curves: - - R_min[i] = 1 kΩ + (10 kΩ - 1 kΩ) × position - - R_max[i] = 100 kΩ + (100 MΩ - 100 kΩ) × position² -- Shade feasible region between curves -- Plot typical optimized R distribution within region -- Annotate physical meaning (hot leader at base, cold streamer at tip) - -**Suggested Format:** PNG, 1000x700 px - ---- - -### 42. **spice-implementation-methods.png** -**Location:** `lessons/04-advanced-modeling/assets/` -**Referenced in:** model-04 (FEMM Extraction Distributed) - -**Description:** -Three circuit diagrams showing SPICE implementation options. - -**Details:** -- Three side-by-side schematics: - 1. **Partial capacitance**: All positive capacitors to ground - 2. **Controlled sources**: VCCS implementing C_ij dV/dt - 3. **Nearest-neighbor**: Simplified with only adjacent couplings -- Label pros/cons of each: - - Partial: Accurate, complex transformation - - Controlled: Direct, requires behavioral sources - - Nearest-neighbor: Simple, approximate -- Show 3-node example for each - -**Suggested Format:** PNG, 1500x600 px - ---- - -### 43. **validation-total-resistance.png** -**Location:** `lessons/04-advanced-modeling/assets/` -**Referenced in:** model-05 (Resistance Optimization) - -**Description:** -Chart showing expected R_total ranges. - -**Details:** -- Bar chart with ranges: - - Very low frequency (<100 kHz): 1-10 kΩ - - Standard (200 kHz), QCW/leader: 5-50 kΩ - - Standard (200 kHz), burst/streamer: 50-300 kΩ - - High frequency (400+ kHz): 100-500 kΩ -- X-axis: Operating condition -- Y-axis: Total R (log scale, kΩ) -- Color code: Green (typical), Yellow (edge case), Red (check simulation) -- Include dependence notes: R ∝ 1/f, R ∝ L - -**Suggested Format:** PNG, 1000x700 px - ---- - -## Shared / General Images (2 images) - -### 44. **tesla-coil-system-overview.png** -**Location:** `assets/shared/` -**Referenced in:** Multiple lessons - -**Description:** -Complete Tesla coil system diagram with all components labeled. - -**Details:** -- Show full system: - - Primary circuit (tank cap, primary coil, switching) - - Secondary coil - - Topload - - Spark - - Ground connections -- Label all major components -- Show coupling coefficient -- Indicate measurement points -- Clean, professional schematic style - -**Suggested Format:** PNG, 1400x1000 px - ---- - -### 45. **complex-number-review.png** -**Location:** `assets/shared/` -**Referenced in:** fund-01 (Introduction) - -**Description:** -Quick reference for complex number operations. - -**Details:** -- Four quadrants showing: - - Rectangular form (a + jb) - - Polar form (r∠θ) - - Euler form (re^(jθ)) - - Complex conjugate (a - jb) -- Conversion formulas -- Multiplication, division, addition rules -- Complex plane with example -- Common electrical engineering conventions (j = √-1) - -**Suggested Format:** PNG, 1000x800 px - ---- - -## Screenshot Requirements (FEMM) - -Several lessons require actual FEMM screenshots. These should be taken from real simulations: - -1. **FEMM interface overview** (model-02, model-04) -2. **Mesh generation example** (model-02) -3. **Electrostatic solution with field plot** (phys-02, model-02) -4. **Capacitance matrix output** (model-02, model-04) -5. **Boundary condition setup** (model-02) - ---- - -## Format Specifications - -**General Guidelines:** -- **File format:** PNG with transparency where appropriate -- **Resolution:** Minimum 1000px on longest dimension -- **Color scheme:** Support both light and dark mode viewing -- **Text:** Minimum 14pt font size for labels -- **Accessibility:** High contrast, colorblind-friendly palettes -- **Compression:** Optimize for web (target <500 KB per image) - -**Tools Recommended:** -- Circuit diagrams: Inkscape, Draw.io, LTspice screenshots -- Graphs/plots: Python matplotlib, MATLAB, or similar -- 3D geometry: Blender, FEMM 3D view, CAD software -- Photography: High-speed camera (if available) or stock images - ---- - -## Priority Levels - -**High Priority (Create first):** -1-6, 9-11, 16-19, 28-30 (Core concepts, most referenced) - -**Medium Priority:** -7-8, 12-15, 20-27, 31-37 (Supporting material) - -**Low Priority (Can use placeholders initially):** -38-45 (Nice-to-have, less critical for learning) - ---- - -## Notes for Artists/Designers - -- Maintain consistent style across all images -- Use course color scheme (define: primary, secondary, accent colors) -- Ensure equations are typeset properly (LaTeX or similar) -- Add version numbers to images for tracking updates -- Create SVG sources where possible for future editing -- Include brief image captions in the markdown lessons - ---- - -**Document Version:** 1.0 -**Last Updated:** 2025-10-10 -**Total Images:** 45+ -**Estimated Creation Time:** 40-60 hours diff --git a/assets/admittance-vector-addition.png b/assets/admittance-vector-addition.png deleted file mode 100644 index 0798995..0000000 Binary files a/assets/admittance-vector-addition.png and 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